Language Learning Strategies in Academic Writing: A Case Study of Indonesian Good Language Learners

Authors

  • Melti Oktavianda Politeknik Negeri Pontianak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31571/bahasa.v13i2.8638

Abstract

The theory of Language Learning Strategy (LLS) has been alluded to in many past works. This study examines the writing strategies employed by five high-achieving Indonesian bilingual university students in their academic essays. Writing at the university level is widely recognized as a challenging and complex process; therefore, this research seeks to identify similar and distinctive strategy use patterns among these bilingual students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews adapted from Oxford’s (1990) language learning inventory and categorized into three writing stages: pre-writing, writing, and revising. The responses were transcribed and analyzed using directed content analysis to provide an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. The findings revealed shared strategies in the Cognitive, Memory, Affective, and Compensation categories. However, significant differences were observed in Metacognitive and Social strategies highlighting the influence of individual preferences and cultural factors on academic writing practices.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Azatova, S. (2021, July). I Control My Own English Learning: Developing Self-Regulation in Elementary ELL Using Self-assessment and Explicit Strategy Instruction. TEFLIN Journal, 32(2), 183-213. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v32i2/183-213

Bai, R., Hu, G., & Gu, P. Y. (2014). The Relationship Between Use of Writing Strategies and English Proficiency in Singapore Primary Schools. The Asia-Pasific Education Researcher, 355-365. doi:10.1007/s40299-013-0110-0

Bialystok, E. (2009). Bilingualism: The Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent. In Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (Vol. 12, pp. 3-11). doi:doi:10.1017/S1366728908003477

Bialystok, E., Poarch, G., Luo, L., & Craik, F. M. (2014). Effects of Bilingualism and Aging on Executive Function and Working Memory. Pyschology Aging, 696-705. doi:10.1037/a0037254

Boud, D., Lawson, R., & Thompson, D. G. (2018). The calibration of student judgment through self-assessment: Disruptive effects of assessment patterns. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(3), 652-665. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1446412

Borg, S., & Al-Busaidi, S. (2012). Learner Autonomy: English Language teachers' Belief and Practices. British Council. ELT Research Paper 12-07.

Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cooking, R. R. (2000). How People Learn. National Academy Press.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806.

Chamot, A. U., & El-Dinary, P. B. (1999). Children's learning strategies in language immersion classrooms. Modern Language Journal, 83(3), 319–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00025

Chien, S. C. (2010). Enhancing English Composition Teacher's Awareness of their Students' Writing Strategy Use. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 19(3), 417-438.

Coffin, C., Curry, M., Goodman, S., Hewings, A., & M. Lilis, T. (2003). Teaching Academic Writing: A Toolkit for Higher Education. Routledge.

Cohen, A. (2011). Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language (2 ed.). Longman.

Cohen, A. D. (2003, January). The Learner's Side of Foreign Language Learning: Where do Styles, Strategies, and Tasks Meet? International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL), 279-291. doi:DOI: 10.1515/iral.2003.013

Costa, A., Hernandez, M., & Sebastian-Galles, N. (2008). Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: evidence from the ANT task. Cognition, 59-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.013

Cumming, A. (2001). Learning to Write in a Second Language: Two Decades od Research. International Journal of English Studies, 1-23.

Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford University Press.

Fergina, A., & Oktavianda, M. (2019). Preserving Local Wisdom Through Extensive Reading Book “Traditional Games Of Indigenous People In West Kalimantan”. UHAMKA International Conference on ELT and CALL (UICELL), (pp. 27-36). Jakarta.

Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906

Flower, L. and Hayes, J.R. (1981) A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing. College Composition and Communication, 32, 365-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/356600

Gordon, L. (2008). Writing and Good Language Learners. In C. Griffiths, Lessons from Good Language Learners (pp. 244-254). Cambridge University Press.

Griffiths, C. (2003). Patterns of Language Learning Strategy Use. In System (pp. 367-383).

Griffiths, C. (2008). Strategies and Good Language Learners. In C. Griffiths, Lessons from Good Language Learners (pp. 83-98). Cambridge University Press.

Griffiths, C. (2013). The Strategy Factor in Successful Learning. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. doi:https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847699428

Hyland, F. (2011). The Language Learning Potential of Form-focused Feedback on Writing: Students' and Teachers' Perceptions. In R. M. Manchon, Learning-to-write and Writing-to-learn in Additional Language (pp. 159-179). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2019). "Feedback on Writing: Contexts and Issues." Cambridge University Press.

Hu, G. W., & Chen, B. (2007). A Protocol-based Study of University-level Chinese EFL Learner's writing strategies. English Australia Journal, 37-56.

Lan, R., & Oxford, R. L. (2003). Language Learning Strategy Profiles of Elementary School Students in Taiwan. IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 339-379. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral.2003.016

Lee, K. W. (2009). What Can We Learn about How Students in Premier Secondary Schools in Malaysia Achieve Success in English Language Learning? In S. M. Thang, & B. Sinclair, Learner Autonomy: Research and Practice in Malaysia and Singapore (pp. 61-83). Pearson Longman.

Macaro, E. (2006). Strategies for Language Learning and for Language Use: Revising the Theoretical Framework. Modern Language Journal, 90, 320-337. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2006.00425.x

MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2019). "Language Teachers’ Coping Strategies During Stressful Situations." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.xxxx

Magogwe, J. M., & Oliver, R. (2007). The Relationship between Language Learning Strategies, Proficiency, Age and Self-Efficacy Beliefs: A Study of Language Learners in Botswana. System, 35, 338-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2007.01.003

Manchon, R. M., De Larios, J. R., & Murphy, L. (2007). A Review of Writing Strategies: Focus on Conceptualization and Impact of First Language. In A. D. Cohen, & E. Macaro, Language Learner Strategies (pp. 229-250). Oxford University Press.

Mu, C., & Carrington, S. (2007). An Investigation of Three Chinese Students' English. Journal of Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, 11(1).

Murat, H. (2000). Language Learning Strategies in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. The Internet TESL Journal, 6(8).

Naiman, N., Frohlich, M., & Todesco, A. (1978). The Good Language Learner. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.

Nambiar, R. (2009). The Importance of Strategy Awareness in Preparing the Malaysian University Learner for Autonomous Language Learning. In S. M. Thang, & B. Sinclair, Learner Autonomy: Research and Practices in Malaysia and Singapore (pp. 85-105). Pearson Longman.

Nicol, D. (2020). "The Power of Internal Feedback: Exploiting Natural Comparison Processes." Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(5), 659-678.

O'Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press.

Oxford, R. (1990). Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Knows. Heinle & Heinle Publications.

Pajares, F., & Graham, L. (2020). "Self-Efficacy and Motivation in Academic Writing." Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(4), 589–602. https://doi.org/10.xxxx

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y

Reinhardt, J., & Thorne, S. (2019). Digital literacies as emergent multifarious repertoires. In N. Arnold & L. Ducate (Eds.), Engaging language learners in CALL: From theory and research to informed practice (pp. 208–239). London: Equinox Publishing.

Rigney, J. (1978). Learning strategies: A theoretical perspective. In H. F. O'Neil (Ed.), Learning Strategies (pp. 165-205). Academic Press.

Rosenshine, B., & Meister, C. (1997). Cognitive Strategy Instruction in Reading. In S. A. Stahl, & D. A. Hayes, Instructional Models in Reading (pp. 85-107). Lawrence Eribaum Associates Inc.

Rubin, J. (1975). What the "Good Language Learners" can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9, 41-51.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Routledge.

Sasaki, M. (2000, September). Toward an Empirical Model of EFL Writing Processes: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 9(3), 259-291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-3743(00)00028-X

Shin, S.-j., Song, H.-j., Choi, H.-k., Hwang, M.-h., Lee, H., Lee, Y. M., . . . Lee, H.-K. (2018). Why we do and what we do: The experience of Good English Language Learners. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 15, 130-147. Retrieved from http://journal.asiatefl.org/

Stern, H. H. (1992). Issues and Options in Language Teaching. OUP.

Takeuchi, O. (2003). What Can We Learn from Good Foreign Language Learners?: A Qualitative Study in the Japanese Foreign Language Context. System, 385-392.

Teng, L. S., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Empowering learners in the second language (L2) classroom: Can self-regulated learning strategies-based writing instruction make a difference? Journal of Second Language Writing, 47(1), 100701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2020.100701

Turner III, D. W. (2010). Qualitative Interview Design: A Practical Guide for Novice Investigators. The Qualitative Report, 754-760.

Wenden, A. L., & Rubin, J. (1987). Learner strategies in language learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Zamel, V. (1983). The Composing Processes of Advanced ESL Students: Six Case Studies. TESOL Quarterly, 165-187.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-24

How to Cite

Oktavianda, M. (2024). Language Learning Strategies in Academic Writing: A Case Study of Indonesian Good Language Learners. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.31571/bahasa.v13i2.8638